This open access book examines the interrelationship of national policy, teacher effectiveness, and student outcomes with a specific emphasis on educational equity. Using data from the IEA’s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) conducted between 1995 and 2015, it investigates grade four and grade eight data to assess trends in key teacher characteristics (experience, education, preparedness, and professional development) and teacher behaviors (instructional time an...

The 2024 IAIN World Congress, held from October 28th – 30th, at the Beijing International Convention Center, brought together over 350 participants and 31 delegates from all over the world to discuss cutting-edge advancements in navigation and maritime technology.Organized by the International Association of Institutes of Navigation (IAIN) and hosted by the China Institute of Navigation (CIN), the Congress delved into the latest technological trends, research, and industry developm...