By the end of this century, 9 out of 10 Europeans will live in an urban area. But what kind of city will they call home? You'll find all the answers in CITY, TRANSFORMED, the new essay series from the European Investment Bank. This panoramic first essay in the series lays out a great sweeping history of European cities over the last fifty years—and showcases new directions being taken by some of our most innovative cities. Urban experts Greg Clark, Tim Moonen, and Jake Nunley based at Univ...

"City, transformed" has shown how Europe's cities have developed over the last 50 years. The European Investment Bank has adapted alongside them, building a greater, more focused role in urban development that takes it into truly innovative areas. Future cities need to face up to challenges in climate, productivity, knowledge, social mobility and resilience. Here's how the EU bank is setting up to be a partner on that path.

Despite the uncertainties of Brexit, London continues to be rated as a leading location in Europe and the world for business, knowledge, and talent. But 30 years ago, when London had no citywide government, a transport system in crisis, and no successful track record of continuous large-scale upgrades to the urban fabric, this scenario would have seemed highly unlikely.In this essay we examine how London's unpromising 1980s gave rise to three decades of reinvestment and we explain ...