The first comprehensive social, economic and political history of the development of Nelson Mandela Bay in the twentieth century, this book traces the making of an urban black working class in the industrial and commercial sectors of the economy. It draws on archival and oral history sources to examine how this new proletariat organised against both capital and the apartheid state. Class, gender and racial divisions are examined along with the agency of working class people in resisting ap...

Analyses the fragmentation and future of labour movements in South Africa and globally in the context of globalisation, the fourth industrial revolution and the Covid-19 pandemic.