When his partner is killed while on a case, Sam Spade is plunged into the hunt for a priceless, gem-encrusted statuette known as the Maltese Falcon, a legendary artifact coveted by a cast of deceitful characters, including the enigmatic Brigid O'Shaughnessy and the opportunistic Joel Cairo. The Maltese Falcon is a masterclass in ambiguity and moral complexity, establishing Sam Spade as the quintessential detective antihero who operates in a world where truth is an elusive ...

Songs of Jamaica (1912) is a poetry collection by Claude McKay. Published before the poet left Jamaica for the United States, Songs of Jamaica is a pioneering collection of verse written in Jamaican Patois, the first of its kind. As a committed leftist, McKay was a keen observer of the Black experience in the Caribbean, the American South, and later in New York, where he gained a reputation during the Harlem Renaissance for celebrating the resilience and cultural achievem...

Dark Laughter (1925) is a novel by Sherwood Anderson. Inspired by his own decision to abandon his family and career in order to establish himself as a professional writer, Anderson explores the guilts, routines, desires, and disappointments driving the lives of many Americans in the early-twentieth century. Although he is known today for his story collection Winesburg, Ohio, a pioneering work of Modernist fiction admired for its plainspoken language and psychological deta...

The United States Constitution and Bill of Rights (1787-1789) is a foundational document of American democracy. Written by delegates attending the Constitutional Convention, a gathering intended to revise the system of government established under the Articles of Confederation, The Constitution of the United States was ratified in 1788 before becoming effecting in 1789. Nearly two and a half centuries old, it is the oldest continually enforced national constitution in the...

When King Richard the Lionheart’s health began to decline, the English leader organized a truce with the leader of the Islamic forces, Saladin. Agreeing to cease the battles on the condition that Jerusalem would be under Muslim control, the two leaders gave orders to their troops to return to their homes. However, Sir Kenneth, a Scottish knight, was in the search of a certain monk rather than his home when he encounters Emir, a cavalryman for Saladin’s forces. At first distrustful of each ...

The Nutcracker and the Mouse King (1816) is a story by E.T.A. Hoffmann. A leading writer of the German Romantic period, Hoffmann inspired generations of artists with his thrilling blend of fantasy, science fiction, and fairy tale. In 1892, Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky turned Alexandre Dumas’ adaptation of The Nutcracker and the Mouse King into The Nutcracker, which remains one of the most popular ballets of all time.On Christmas Eve, Fritz an...

The Aeneid of Virgil (19 BC) is an epic poem by Roman poet Virgil. Virgil’s legendary epic is the story of the hero Aeneas, a castaway from Troy whose adventures across the Mediterranean led him to Italy, where he discovered what would later become the city of Rome. Presented here in an accessible prose translation, The Aeneid of Virgil is a treasure of classical literature and a story of romance, war, and adventure to rival the best of Homer. Fleeing the destruction of T...

Daisy Miller is Henry James’ sharpest critique of European high society and a must read for lovers of psychological drama, social deconstruction, and classic literature.The titular Daisy Miller is a woman whose genuine kindness and lust for life is anathema to the rigid and vain culture of 19th Century Europe. For refusing to conform, Daisy is the subject of gossip everywhere she goes and eventually cast out of high society all together, culminating in a m...

"Of things, some depend upon ourselves, others do not depend upon ourselves." This simple opening line of The Enchiridion (c. 125 CE), the defining handbook on stoicism, contains Epictetus’ entire philosophy boiled down to its most essential: control what you can control and do not concern yourself with what you cannot.A direct influence on legendary thinkers like Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus prescribes constant vigilance for the burgeoning stoic. Vigilance ...

An evergreen science fiction classic, Edwin A. Abbott’s Flatland presents an alternate vision of society rendered completely in two dimensions.In the titular Flatland, women are line segments and men are polygons with various side lengths and angles. Even in such a simple world, social hierarchies and inequality persist. Social status is determined by a man’s regularity of shape and their number of sides. Women, as line segments, are considered dangerous b...

In The Confessions of Saint Augustine (c. 400 CE), Saint Augustine reveals in brutally honest details the agonizing process of maturation from a worldly and sinful young man to the great advocate for Christianity and virtue he would become.Saint Augustine of Hippo is now remembered as one of the great Christian philosophers of history, with his many works contributing significantly to concepts like theological anthropology, eschatology, and origin...

On the Origin of Species (1859) is legendary naturalist Charles Darwin's groundbreaking and foundational study that birthed the theory of evolutionary biology.Sparking controversy from the time of its publication to the present day, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, where upon individuals of the same species have a more robust chance of survival thanks to their unique combination of physical characteristics, completely changed how the world viewed huma...