Torin Alter presents a compelling defence of the 'knowledge argument' against physicalism, pioneered by Frank Jackson. According to physicalism, consciousness is a physical phenomenon. The knowledge argument stars Mary, who learns all objective, physical information through black-and-white media and yet acquires new information when she first sees colors for herself: information about what it is like to see in color. Based partly on that case, Jackson concludes that not all information is ...

Imaginative cases, or what might be called puzzles and other thought experiments, play a central role in philosophy of mind. The real world also furnishes philosophers with an ample supply of such puzzles.This volume collects 50 of the most important historical and contemporary cases in philosophy of mind and describes their significance. The authors divide them into five sections: consciousness and dualism; physicalist theories and the metaphysics of mind; content, intentionality,...

The concrete world contains a great diversity of phenomena. There are quarks, molecules, galaxies, trees, wombats, persons, nerf balls, nations, and more. The properties those entities have, and the relations in which they stand, are no less varied. But is there an underlying commonality--a single fundamental nature or kind or type that everything shares? That is the question of monism. At least, it is a question of monism, which has intrigued philosophers at least since the pre-Socratics....

According to Russellian monism, an alternative to the familiar theories in the philosophy of mind that combines attractive components of physicalism and dualism, matter has intrinsic properties that both constitute consciousness and serve as categorical bases for the dispositional properties described in physics. Consciousness in the Physical World collects various works on Russellian monism, including historical selections, recent classics, and new pieces. Most chapters are sympa...

With an introduction by Charlotte R. Brown and William Edward Morris.David Hume (1711–1776) was the most important philosopher ever to write in English, as well as a master stylist. This volume contains his major philosophical works. A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–1740), published while Hume was still in his twenties, consists of three books on the understanding, the passions, and morals. It applies the experimental method of reasoning to human nature in...

Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus' is a groundbreaking work in the field of philosophy, exploring the nature of logic and language. Written in a concise and aphoristic style, the book delves into complex topics such as the limits of language and the relationship between language and reality. Wittgenstein's unique literary style, marked by his innovative use of propositions and logical symbols, sets this work apart in the literary context of philosophical writing. The re...

Philosophy Bites is a selection of the best interviews from the hugely successful podcast of the same name. Leading philosophers discuss a wide range of philosophical issues, from ethics to aesthetics to metaphysics, in a lively, informal, personal way. Time, infinity, evil, friendship, animals, wine, sport, tragedy - all human life is here.Philosophy Bites was set up in 2007 by David Edmonds and Nigel Warburton. It has, to date, had 7 million downloads, and is listened to all over the wor...

'What is real?' has been one of the key questions of philosophy since its beginning in antiquity. It is a question that, due to such films as The Matrix, has also made its way into popular culture. But it is not just a question philosophers ask. It is also asked by scientists when they investigate whether the fundamental constituents of matter are actually 'out there' or just a mere abstraction from a successful theory. Cognitive scientists ask it when trying to find out which set...

The Abhidhamma, the third great division of early Buddhist teaching, expounds a revolutionary system of philosophical psychology rooted in the twin Buddhist insights of selflessness and dependent origination. In keeping with the liberative thrust of early Buddhism, this system organizes the entire spectrum of human consciousness around the two poles of Buddhist doctrine - bondage and liberation, Samsara and Nirvana - the starting point and the final goal. It thereby maps out, with remarkab...

Form is emptiness; emptiness is form.This is the bold and intriguing assertion of the Heart Sutra, a text of seminal importance to the Buddhist tradition made even more fascinating by its deep resonance with the cutting edges of quantum physics and cognitive science. In spare and approachable language, The Heart of the Universe deftly explores this gem of world religious literature from a variety of perspectives--historical, spiritual, linguistic, and scientific--each serv...

In "Cosmic Consciousness," Alexander J. McIvor-Tyndall explores the intricate relationship between human consciousness and the cosmos, delving into philosophical, spiritual, and scientific dimensions. Blending a poetic literary style with rigorous intellectual inquiry, McIvor-Tyndall examines historical perspectives on consciousness, incorporating insights from mysticism, Eastern philosophies, and modern psychology. The text situates itself within the broader context of 19th and early 20th...

David Chalmers develops a picture of reality on which all truths can be derived from a limited class of basic truths. The picture is inspired by Rudolf Carnap's construction of the world in Der Logische Aufbau Der Welt. Carnap's Aufbau is often seen as a noble failure, but Chalmers argues that a version of the project can succeed. With the right basic elements and the right derivation relation, we can indeed construct the world. The focal point of Chalmers' project is scrutability: the the...