I have tried to make this book an argument, not a catalogue of dogmas. Its ideal reader will find himself constantly asking questions, for which he will insist on finding his own answers. To avoid wasting his time, I have made the fullest use of authentic illustrations from newspapers, books, and other contemporary sources.One of the wisest things ever said about our subject is that "Logic, like whiskey, loses its beneficial effect when taken in too large doses." While bearing this ...

Gottlob Frege's On Sense and Reference is a compact but foundational essay in analytic philosophy, addressing how language can be meaningful even when expressions share the same object. Through the famous distinction between Sinn (sense) and Bedeutung (reference), Frege explains puzzles of identity, indirect discourse, and proper names with remarkable logical precision. Its style is austere, argumentative, and mathematical, yet its implications reach deeply into semantics, epistemology, an...

Originating in the pioneering work of Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore, and Ludwig Wittgenstein in the four decades around the turn of the twentieth century, analytic philosophy established itself in various forms in the 1930s. After the Second World War, it developed further in North America, in the rest of Europe, and is now growing in influence as the dominant philosophical tradition right across the world, from Latin America to East Asia.Contents:Gottlob Frege...

In "On Sense and Reference," Gottlob Frege presents a foundational exploration of the philosophy of language, distinguishing between the sense (Sinn) and reference (Bedeutung) of terms. This seminal work, written in the late 19th century, employs a rigorous analytical style synonymous with Frege's logical approach, marking a significant departure from earlier philosophical discourse. The book addresses the intricacies of meaning, identity, and the implications of language on thought, layin...

In "On Sense and Reference," Gottlob Frege delves into the intricacies of language and meaning, profoundly influencing the fields of philosophy, linguistics, and cognitive science. The work is structured around the distinctions between 'sense' (Sinn) and 'reference' (Bedeutung), proposing that the meaning of a term is not simply its referent but includes an additional cognitive component. Frege employs a rigorous analytical style, highlighting how these concepts bear on identity statements...

First published in 2000. This is Volume I of eight in the Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics series. Written in 1933, in The Nature of Mathematics offers a critical survey the author seeks to present a considered critical exposition of Principia Mathematica and to give supplementary accounts of the formalist and intuitionist doctrines in sufficient detail to lighten the paths of all who may be provoked to read the original papers.

This is Volume V of twenty-two of a collection on 20th Century Philosophy. Originally published in 1964, this collection contains original papers assembled and representative in their styles, methods, and preoccupations. The various problems here discussed where to the author both important and unsolved: if others are stimulated to make further progress in solving them, the main purpose of this collection will have been achieved.

If you keep removing single grains of sand from a heap, when is it no longer a heap? From discussions of the heap paradox in classical Greece, to modern formal approaches like fuzzy logic, Timothy Williamson traces the history of the problem of vagueness. He argues that standard logic and formal semantics apply even to vague languages and defends the controversial, realist view that vagueness is a form of ignorance - there really is a grain of sand whose removal turns a heap into a non-hea...

Realism and the Aim of Science is one of the three volumes of Karl Popper’s Postscript to the Logic of scientific Discovery. The Postscript is the culmination of Popper’s work in the philosophy of physics and a new famous attack on subjectivist approaches to philosophy of science.Realism and the Aim of Science is the first volume of the Postcript. Popper here formulates and explains his non-justificationist theory of knowledge: science a...

This volume presents a selection of the philosophical essays which Richard Rorty wrote during the first decade of his career, and complements four previous volumes of his papers published by Cambridge University Press. In this long neglected body of work, which many leading philosophers still consider to be his best, Rorty develops his views on the nature and scope of philosophy in a manner which supplements and elucidates his definitive statement on these matters in Philosophy and the Mir...

THE TEXT In the summer semester of 1925 in Freiburg, Edmund Husserl delivered a lecture course on phenomenological psychology, in 1926127 a course on the possibility of an intentional psychology, and in 1928 a course entitled "Intentional Psychology. " In preparing the critical edition of Phiinomeno logische Psychologie (Husserliana IX), I Walter Biemel presented the entire 1925 course as the main text and included as supplements significant excerpts from the two subsequent courses along w...

A comprehensive collection of historical readings in the philosophy of mathematics and a selection of influential contemporary work, this much-needed introduction reveals the rich history of the subject.An Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Mathematics: A Reader brings together an impressive collection of primary sources from ancient and modern philosophy. Arranged chronologically and featuring introductory overviews explaining technical terms, this accessible re...