Presents a number of new and potentially useful self-learning (adaptive) control algorithms and theoretical as well as practical results for both unconstrained and constrained finite Markov chains-efficiently processing new information by adjusting the control strategies directly or indirectly.

Called to Reckon offers a non-traditional history of Augustana College by centering the narratives of racially and ethnically diverse students and educators often overlooked in the institution’s past. The book traces how the college, founded by Swedish Lutherans with a mission to educate for the common good and “serve the neighbor so that all may flourish,” has been challenged to live up to these values over its 160-year history.

This volume discusses the theoretical foundations of a new inter- and intra-disciplinary meta-research discipline, which can be succinctly called cognitive metamathematics, with the ultimate goal of achieving a global instance of concrete Artificial Mathematical Intelligence (AMI). In other words, AMI looks for the construction of an (ideal) global artificial agent being able to (co-)solve interactively formal problems with a conceptual mathematical description in a human-style wa...

The aging of the population and the increasing number of older adults pursuing foreign language courses call for a greater understanding of the ways in which these individuals learn foreign languages. This book offers a pioneering contribution to the literature on foreign language education for older adults (aged 60 and over), termed foreign language geragogy. It details an empirical, multidisciplinary study on Japanese older learners of Spanish and focuses on the influence of learning exp...

The purpose of the book is to advance in the understanding of brain function by defining a general framework for representation based on category theory. The idea is to bring this mathematical formalism into the domain of neural representation of physical spaces, setting the basis for a theory of mental representation, able to relate empirical findings, uniting them into a sound theoretical corpus.The innovative approach presented in the book provides a horizon of interdisciplinary...

This volume presents geographical journeys that challenge the limits of national or cultural identities, as well as journeys traversed by stories of exile and forced displacement, which become pilgrimages towards themselves, defying, in this process, both the limits of their own identities and the borders between the self and the other.The volume is divided into three parts. The first part explores the circulation of writers and texts which have traveling as a common point of depar...

Kiki and her parents travel back to the Taos Pueblo reservation where she was born to learn more about their Tiwa Indian heritage.Kiki is a city girl who calls Los Angeles home. But home is also a place filled with expressions of her family's Tiwa Indian heritage. Her parents left the Taos Pueblo reservation long ago, and Kiki hasn't been back since she was a baby. She hardly even remembers what the Pueblo is like, until she returns with her parents during spring b...

Have you ever wondered what goes through the mind of a goldfish, gracefully circling its watery world? In Richard le Gallienne's poignant poem, "An Epitaph on a Goldfish," we encounter a goldfish who has sadly passed on. But this isn't your average eulogy. Le Gallienne's words weave a tale that transcends the life of a single fish, prompting us to contemplate the beauty and impermanence of all living things. With a touch of wit and a sprinkle of philosophy, "An Epitaph on a Goldfish" offer...

Resin glycosides are part of a very extensive family of secondary metabolites known as glycolipids or lipo-oligosaccharides and are constituents of complex resins (glycoresins) (1) unique to the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae (2). These active principles are responsible for the drastic purgative action of all the important Convolvulaceous species used in traditional medicine throughout the world since ancient times. Several commercial purgative crude drugs can be prepared from the ro...

Passport to Hell: Critical Studies on Peruvian Metal unveils the vibrant and thriving world of Peruvian metal. As the first of its kind, this book brings together a collection of Peruvian scholars, providing a long-overdue spotlight on a musical realm often overlooked in the international conversation.This comprehensive work offers a critical examination of Peruvian metal, challenging preconceived, universal notions regarding the nature of metal and stressing the uniqueness of the ...

An understanding of the mineral nutrition of plants is of fundamental importance in both basic and applied plant sciences. The Third Edition of this book retains the aim of the first in presenting the principles of mineral nutrition in the light of current advances. This volume retains the structure of the first edition, being divided into two parts: Nutritional Physiology and Soil-Plant Relationships. In Part I, more emphasis has been placed on root-shoot interactions, stress physiology, ...

Essentials of Evidence-Based Academic Interventions puts at your fingertips the successful instructional techniques and materials necessary for accurate and effective use of evidence-based interventions. Written by Barbara Wendling and Nancy Mather, two experts in educational assessment and intervention, this intervention-oriented reference presents clear descriptions of research-based interventions in the areas of: phonological awareness and beginning reading phonics; phonics and...