Metrology is the study of measurement science. Although classical economists have emphasized the importance of measurement per se, the majority of economics-based writings on the topic have taken the form of government reports related to the activities of specific national metrology laboratories. This book is the first systematic study of measurement activity at a national metrology laboratory, and the laboratory studied is the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (...

This book presents an in-depth investigation into small business research activity supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Albert N. Link and Alan C. O’Connor explain the historical importance of small firms to the NIH and conduct insightful analysis of the Institutes and Centers funded through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program.Exploring prominent Institutes within the NIH and using data from the SBIR program, they discuss innovation and socia...

There is a conspicuous void of analyses about the economic and policy analysis of heart disease research funding in the United States and in other countries. This book discusses the economic and policy dimensions of heart disease research—the leading cause of death in the United States and globally—and it provides a comprehensive overview of the contributions of the primary US funding agency for heart disease research, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) within the US Nat...

In light of a history of legislative actions in the United States to encourage collaborative R&D, this book characterizes U.S. collaborative R&D through the eyes of the National Research Joint Venture Database.Facilitating a fresh statistical look at collaborative R&D as a purposive strategy in the light of existing public policies, this book also provides a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of those attendant policies. Through an original project-based micro database, the a...

This volume examines the involvement of minority- or women-owned businesses in technology-based research, with particular focus on the differences in research outcomes in achieving commercialization. Specifically, the authors empirically investigate the correlation between technologies from projects funded through the Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program and the minority or gender demographics of the owners of the businesses conducting the research. This study offers ...

Link and Scott provide a statistical assessment of the employment growth associated with public support of R&D in small, entrepreneurial firms through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. While on the surface the SBIR program is generally intended to stimulate innovation leading to commercialization, and this is how government and scholars have historically judged the program, Link and Scott suggest that it may be assessed from a different perspective. To them, the extent...

This fascinating book explores the role of public and private external innovation in enhancing the creation of scientific knowledge. Albert Link explores how external knowledge innovation leads to the creation of scientific knowledge, which in turn results in the spillover of scientific knowledge into society.Link evaluates empirical information from knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial firms as well as smaller firms that received research funding through small business innovation r...

This useful new book reviews the literature on technology and economic growth covering historical and theoretical developments such as: *new models for measuring productivity*sources of technical knowledge and technological spillovers*stock market reactions to investment in technologySuch a comprehensive survey is likely to be welcomed by students

Technology Transfer and US Public Sector Innovation provides an overview of US technology policies that are the genesis for observed technology transfer activities. By describing the technology transfer process from US federal laboratories and other public sector organizations, this exploration informs the reader in detail of how the transfer process behaves and the social benefits associated with it.Empirical information and evidence are presented on myriad forms of techn...

Government acts as entrepreneur when its involvement in market activities is both innovative and characterized by entrepreneurial risk. Thinking of government as entrepreneur is a unique lens through which the authors of this book examine a specific subset of U.S. government policy actions. As such, their viewpoint underscores the purposeful intent of government, its ability to act in new and innovative ways, and its willingness to undertake policy actions that have uncertain outcomes. Vie...

This book examines knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship (KIE) with a focus on the European textile and apparel industries. The primary purpose is to review the extant academic literature related to the European textile and apparel industries and reflect on that review empirically using a new and robust database on KIE to discover patterns between human capital and strategic entrepreneurial and innovative behavior.According to the Advancing Knowledge-Intensive Entrepreneurship and I...

This essential book examines the history, trends and institutional nature of federal investments in research and development (R&D) in the United States. Esteemed expert in the field, Albert N. Link charts unexplored topics and issues associated with the role of public sector R&D in influencing economic growth.Rich in econometric data, this book traces the history of federal R&D investments. Chapters outline how the institutional nature of federal R&D investments includes the resear...