Up till now, Economics is written in p-q 2 dimensions. This book includes the space variable and makes Economics 3-dimensional. It then overhauls all economic theories, especially the competition theories: monopoly demand is more elastic, colluded duopoly covers the whole market; kinked demand is redundant; etc.This book is suitable for courses like Microeconomics, Customer Relation Management, Industrial Organisation, etc.

Utility companies are monopolistic, but they must produce at full capacity. Therefore, they are unable to pursue maximum profits by textbook standards. Also, when faced with peak and off-season demand, many ot them choose to implement price differentiation. Were it not for their exclusive position, such behavior would be self-destructive. This book devises a simple utility pricing policy that allows full capacity production, prevents bankruptcies, regulates peak and off-peak demand, and en...

Lagrange calculus claims to be capable of solving consumption and production problems. Although it does derive a negative input-demand relationship, this book points out that the results are inconsistent with the pre-ordered output or input, and cannot ensure output maximization or cost minimization. This book further proves that simple algebra or geometry can produce the desired results, making this kind of calculus completely redundant. Finally, this book proves that Lagrange calculus is...

You have probably heard of Ricardo’s rent theory, which is a perpendicular line. You may also have heard of the rent gradient function, which is a negative curve. So, which one is the correct rent theory? People may choose to live away from city center because of the lower rent, but why is city center still so crowded? Why do developers construct higher buildings in suburb where rent is lowest? All these questions can only be answered, after the introduction of the spatial variable into ur...

Marginalism advocates using mathematics to tackle economic problems. This book points out that marginalist mathematics is incomplete, and thus leads to various suspicious, paradoxical, and wrong theories. For example, it claims that raising marginal productivity increases profit, that marginal cost pricing is Pareto optimal and an effective policy to regulate monopoly, that lazier workers should get higher pay, that population should be killed to raise economic growth, and that punishment ...

What is marketing? According to McCarthy, it is about 4P. This book proves that only 3P’s are effective.The first P is price, but most scholars recommend only price reduction. This paper proves that sometimes price increase is the right move.The second P is place. This book is the only one to make use of this variable for more profit.The third P is product. This book proves that when you can introduce new product, that is the best P.This book objects governm...

Ronald Jones uses two quantity equations to solve for a quantity equilibrium, and two price equations to solve for a price equilibrium. From these two price and quantity equilibria, he claims to achieve a country’s general equilibrium. Furthermore, with two unrelated country equilibria, he claims to achieve trade equilibrium. That is an ambition too large.

Bertil Ohlin was dissatisfied with Ricardo’s use of only labor to explain international trade, so he introduced other inputs, such as land. In place of comparative advantage, he used input abundance and intensity to explain trade. Jones, Kemp, and Rybczynski tried to interpret factor abundance and intensity using Ricardo’s production possibility curve (PPC). Naturally, they ended up with the same comparative advantage conclusion. In addition, they overlooked a fundamental deficiency of the...

This book reproduces and corrects Hotelling’s “Stability in Competition”. His setup is contradictory and incomplete: he uses monopoly theory to explain competition, and fails to include production cost. This book introduces supply function to the two competitive firms, to come to the same stability conclusion. It also disproves Hotelling’s exploitation strategy, and offers a more profitable alternative.

Pareto’s contract curve is a geometric concept; consequently, many textbooks supplement it with mathematical justification. This booklet disproves such mathematics. It argues that treating two antagonistic firms as a single entity is flawed, and that maximizing an ever-increasing objective can never yield a solution. Furthermore, this paper clarifies that output is a third-dimensional measure; therefore, all attempts to find a solution using a two-dimensional Edgeworth box are either incor...

Pareto's contract curve is a geometric concept. This booklet disproves it geometrically. There are two conditions for its existence: the Edgeworth Box must be a square, and the isoquants must be symmetric. Since upholding both conditions simultaneously is impossible, existing contract curves are fabrications.

What is Economic Growth? GDP growth? But when there is no consumption, what is the purpose of growth. Optimal consumption? But when all resources are consumed, what else is left for growth?What is Economic Development? Birth control, industrialization, or capital deepening? Is Economic Development different from Economic Growth?What is steady state, golden rule, endogenous growth, phase diagram or calculus of variation?This book guides you through the whole syllabus...