In real-world applications, new data, patterns, and categories that were not covered by the training data can frequently emerge, necessitating the capability to detect and adapt to novel characters incrementally. Researchers refer to these challenges as the Open-Set Text Recognition (OSTR) task, which has, in recent years, emerged as one of the prominent issues in the field of text recognition. This book begins by providing an introduction to the background of the OSTR task, covering essen...

This book presents the state-of-the-art-knowledge on corrosion of steel, cast iron and ductile iron with a focus on corrosion-induced degradation of their mechanical properties. The information presented in the book is largely derived from the most current research on the effect of corrosion on degradation of mechanical properties. The book covers the basics of steel corrosion, including that of cast iron and ductile iron, that are not well covered in most literature. Models for corrosion-...

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, TAAI 2023, which was held in Yunlin, Taiwan, during December 1–2, 2023.The 35 full papers and 12 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 193 submissions. The TAAI 2023 provides a platform for experts and scholars from domestic and international universities, research units, and industries to exchange AI technolo...

This book provides an overview of the history, basic concepts, and provision models of infrastructure, significant theories on infrastructure economics, practices at home and abroad that reflect the economic development effects of infrastructure, and four infrastructure economic growth models. Great attention is placed on the domestic front. This book describes and discusses in detail the historical background, development trends, achievements, and challenges of China’s infrastructure from...

Chinese Sociolinguistics examines the ways in which language contributes to shaping social, cultural, and ethnic identities in Greater China.This book is the first textbook to be exclusively devoted to the issues of language, society, and identity in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and overseas Chinese communities (the Greater China). The book includes topics on the role of language in Chinese culture; the linguistic indexing of socioeconomic class; dialects ...

Shifting Production to Southeast Asia: Electronics Transnational Corporations Moving to Vietnam since the 2000s explores how a labor-intensive industry has been expanded from the ‘World Factory’ - China to developing Southeast Asia under the changing dynamics in the global and regional production networks, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tension, by using the case study of the production relocations of the consumer electronics manufacturing industry to Viet...

This book presents modeling methods and algorithms for data-driven prediction and forecasting of practical industrial process by employing machine learning and statistics methodologies. Related case studies, especially on energy systems in the steel industry are also addressed and analyzed. The case studies in this volume are entirely rooted in both classical data-driven prediction problems and industrial practice requirements. Detailed figures and tables demonstrate the effectiveness and ...

This book is the first edited book to cover a wide range of issues related to Chinese as a second language (CSL) speech, including tone and segment acquisition and processing, categorical perception of tones, CSL fluency, CSL intelligibility/comprehensibility and accentedness, and pronunciation pedagogy. Moreover, the book addresses both theoretical and pedagogical issues. It offers an essential go-to book for anyone who is interested in CSL speech, e.g. CSL speech researchers, Chinese ins...

In biotechnology and bioengineering, small molecules can be used to increase the efficiency reduce the cost and damage to the environment of certain bioprocesses. This book introduces readers to the important field of chemically promoted biotechnology and bioengineering and presents the theory behind the biotechnology of enzymatic reactions and how they can be chemically enhanced. The book covers chemical modulators for enzymatic reactions, chemically promoted biotechnology in plant cell c...

The second edition of this atlas has been extensively revised to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy for upper and lower gastrointestinal diseases. The coverage ranges from basic but highly effective procedures like cold snare polypectomy and variceal ligation to sophisticated procedures such as peroral endoscopic myotomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection. New instruments, for example over-the-scope clips and various stents, are int...

This atlas, featuring a wealth of high-quality images, offers a comprehensive overview of therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy for upper and lower gastrointestinal diseases. Both established and new therapeutic techniques using advanced endoscopic devices are extensively covered. The concise text accompanying the endoscopic photographs and illustrations will enable readers to understand the details of each procedure. Special tips of practical value are highlighted and potential pitfalls,...

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, TAAI 2023, which was held in Yunlin, Taiwan, during December 1–2, 2023. `The 35 full papers and 12 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 193 submissions. The TAAI 2023 provides a platform for experts and scholars from domestic and international universities, research units, and industries to exchange AI techno...