This book contains fundamental concepts on discrete mathematical structures in an easy to understand style so that the reader can grasp the contents and explanation easily. The concepts of discrete mathematical structures have application to computer science, engineering and information technology including in coding techniques, switching circuits, pointers and linked allocation, error corrections, as well as in data networking, Chemistry, Biology and many other scientific areas. The book ...

This book introduces readers to numerous multiplicative inverse functional equations and their stability results in various spaces. This type of functional equation can be of use in solving many physical problems and also has significant relevance in various scientific fields of research and study. In particular, multiplicative inverse functional equations have applications in electric circuit theory, physics, and relations connecting the harmonic mean and arithmetic mean of several values...

This volume covers the topic in functional equations in a broad sense and is written by authors who are in this field for the past 50 years. It contains the basic notions of functional equations, the methods of solving functional equations, the growth of functional equations in the last four decades and an extensive reference list on fundamental research papers that investigate the stability results of different types of functional equations and functional inequalities. This volume starts ...

Supporting women's health and wellbeing in the workplace is crucial when building an inclusive, productive workforce. As women continue playing significant roles in economic sectors, it is essential for employers to recognize and address the unique health challenges and life stages that women may experience, ranging from menstrual health and pregnancy to menopause and mental wellness. Creating inclusive policies, fostering open dialogue, and offering practical support can lead to healthier...

This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of current achievements and future possibilities for the application of epigenetic and epigenomic techniques to the improvement of crops. Creating crops more resilient to the stresses caused by climate change will be an important part of a climate-smart and sustainable agriculture strategy for the future. All critical environmental stressors are explored: temperature, salt, drought, pollutants, pests, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The exciting...

Student assessment in online learning is submitted remotely without any face-to-face interaction, and therefore, student authentication is widely seen as one of the major challenges in online examination. Authentication is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be. As the dependence upon computers and computer networks grows, especially within education, the need for authentication has increased. Biometric Authentication in Online...

Recent developments have drastically increased the volume and complexity of data available to be mined, leading researchers to explore new ways to glean non-trivial data automatically. Knowledge Discovery Practices and Emerging Applications of Data Mining: Trends and New Domains introduces the reader to recent research activities in the field of data mining. This book covers association mining, classification, mobile marketing, opinion mining, microarray data mining, internet mining and ap...

Web usage mining is defined as the application of data mining technologies to online usage patterns as a way to better understand and serve the needs of web-based applications. Because the internet has become a central component in information sharing and commerce, having the ability to analyze user behavior on the web has become a critical component to a variety of industries. Web Usage Mining Techniques and Applications Across Industries addresses the systems and methodologies that enabl...

The development of fuzzy expert systems has provided new opportunities for problem solving amidst uncertainties. The medical field, in particular, has benefitted tremendously from advancing fuzzy system technologies. Fuzzy Expert Systems for Disease Diagnosis highlights the latest research and developments in fuzzy rule-based methods used in the detection of medical complications and illness. Offering emerging solutions and practical applications, this timely publication is designed for us...

Digital classrooms have become a common addition to curriculums in higher education; however, such learning systems are only successful if students are properly motivated to learn. Optimizing Student Engagement in Online Learning Environments is a critical scholarly resource that examines the importance of motivation in digital classrooms and outlines methods to reengage learners. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as motivational strategies, learning assessment, and studen...

This new book takes an in-depth look at the emerging and prospective field of computational biology and bioinformatics, which possesses the ability to analyze large accumulated biological data collected from sequence analysis of proteins and genes and cell population with an aim to make new predictions pertaining to drug discovery and new biology. The book explains the basic methodology associated with a bioinformatics and computational approach in drug designing. It then goes on to cover ...

Global inequality has been a burning issue for years now. As the economies progress, it is expected that the benefits of growth will percolate to the lower sections of society. However, this percolation takes place in a discriminating manner. Inequality can be observed in terms of health, income, education, wealth, gender, availability of opportunities, and other socio-economic parameters. The governing authorities and international agencies have been taking various corrective measures to ...