This book encompasses the results of two decades of research on locoregional spread of gynecologic cancer, which put forth the ontogenetic cancer field model and its clinical translation in terms of ontogenetic tumor staging and cancer field surgery, particularly for carcinomas of the lower female genital tract. The ontogenetic cancer field model describes the propagation of malignant tumors within distinct permissive tissue regions determined by the development of the tissue from which th...

Iatrogenesis is the occurrence of untoward effects resulting from actions of health care providers, including medical errors, medical malpractice, practicing beyond one’s expertise, adverse effects of medication, unnecessary treatment, inappropriate screenings, and surgical errors. This is a huge public health issue: tens to hundreds of thousands of deaths are attributed to iatrogenic causes each year in the U.S., and vulnerable populations such as the elderly and minorities are particular...