Up till now, Economics is written in p-q 2 dimensions. This book includes the space variable and makes Economics 3-dimensional. It then overhauls all economic theories, especially the competition theories: monopoly demand is more elastic, colluded duopoly covers the whole market; kinked demand is redundant; etc.This book is suitable for courses like Microeconomics, Customer Relation Management, Industrial Organisation, etc.

Utility companies are monopolistic, but they must produce at full capacity. Therefore, they are unable to pursue maximum profits by textbook standards. Also, when faced with peak and off-season demand, many ot them choose to implement price differentiation. Were it not for their exclusive position, such behavior would be self-destructive. This book devises a simple utility pricing policy that allows full capacity production, prevents bankruptcies, regulates peak and off-peak demand, and en...

Lagrange calculus claims to be capable of solving consumption and production problems. Although it does derive a negative input-demand relationship, this book points out that the results are inconsistent with the pre-ordered output or input, and cannot ensure output maximization or cost minimization. This book further proves that simple algebra or geometry can produce the desired results, making this kind of calculus completely redundant. Finally, this book proves that Lagrange calculus is...

What is business cycle? It is economic forecast. Forecasting is fortune telling; it is superstition; it is not science. This book reveals the true face of several great economic forecast models.

What is crime? Many people, without knowing what crime is, start to tackle crime. But how to tackle crime? The existing way is to punish the offenders, but such method is merely emotional. This book proves that punishment has only insignificant impact, but it does not eradicate crime, more than that it might even incite new crime. How to prevent crime? When punishment even incites new crime, can one expect it to deter future crime? This book defines crime and derives its supply. Then, it r...

What is game? What is game theory? What is bargaining? What is risk? What is uncertainty? What is expected utility? What is moral hazard? How to cheat in game or in insurance? This book overturns many traditional views on these issues, and derives new method to play game, to bargain, to cheat and to protect against cheating.

Ronald Jones uses two quantity equations to solve for a quantity equilibrium, and two price equations to solve for a price equilibrium. From these two price and quantity equilibria, he claims to achieve a country’s general equilibrium. Furthermore, with two unrelated country equilibria, he claims to achieve trade equilibrium. That is an ambition too large.

Bertil Ohlin was dissatisfied with Ricardo’s use of only labor to explain international trade, so he introduced other inputs, such as land. In place of comparative advantage, he used input abundance and intensity to explain trade. Jones, Kemp, and Rybczynski tried to interpret factor abundance and intensity using Ricardo’s production possibility curve (PPC). Naturally, they ended up with the same comparative advantage conclusion. In addition, they overlooked a fundamental deficiency of the...

This book reproduces and corrects Hotelling’s “Stability in Competition”. His setup is contradictory and incomplete: he uses monopoly theory to explain competition, and fails to include production cost. This book introduces supply function to the two competitive firms, to come to the same stability conclusion. It also disproves Hotelling’s exploitation strategy, and offers a more profitable alternative.

Pareto's contract curve is a geometric concept. This booklet disproves it geometrically. There are two conditions for its existence: the Edgeworth Box must be a square, and the isoquants must be symmetric. Since upholding both conditions simultaneously is impossible, existing contract curves are fabrications.

Pareto’s contract curve is a geometric concept; consequently, many textbooks supplement it with mathematical justification. This booklet disproves such mathematics. It argues that treating two antagonistic firms as a single entity is flawed, and that maximizing an ever-increasing objective can never yield a solution. Furthermore, this paper clarifies that output is a third-dimensional measure; therefore, all attempts to find a solution using a two-dimensional Edgeworth box are either incor...

If the world is free, you can pursue maximum of your objective at will. But you live in a world of limited resources, so Lagrange mathematics helps you attain the constrained (rationed) maximum. This book reveals that you might have misunderstood the word “free”. It does not mean free of charge, but means that you are free to hire any optimal amount of input, as long as you pay the input price (including interest cost). So there is no constraint to hold you back from pursuing your objectiv...