Scientific and epidemiologic progress surrounding carotid artery surgery continues to evolve, and for the better, for both surgeons and patients. Carotid surgery, performed by skilled surgeons with quantifiable results, prevents stroke in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The challenge is to continually refine the techniques to ensure the greatest possible margins of safety, and to educate surgeons around the world to ensure uniform standards of care. Carotid artery stenting, again pe...