Robert Stephenson's Planet class locomotive was the first true design of mainline express passenger locomotive. Delivered less than a year after Rocket it was one of the most successful early locomotive designs. Planet set the mold for British locomotive design for more than the next century featuring a multi tubular boiler; inside cylinders; crank axle; and the first use of proper frames. The Planet class, and its 0-4-0 Samson derivative, found use across Britain with examples being suppl...

What day-to-day life was like for those who traveled and worked on the world's first intercity railway in early nineteenth-century England.Much has been written about the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, especially how it came into being and the Rainhill Trials, but very little has been said about what happened after the grand opening on 15 September 1830.Drawing on years of research, and practical experience of working with the replica of Stephenson's Planet ...

The Liverpool & Manchester Railway was Britain's first mainline, intercity railway; opened in 1830 it was at the cutting edge of railway technology. Engineered by George Stephenson and his team – John Dixon, William Allcard, Joseph Locke – the project faced many obstacles both before and after opening, including local opposition and the choice of motive power, resulting in the Rainhill Trials of 1829. Much of the success of the line can be attributed to the excellence of its engineering bu...

Week after week, the guns of the British expeditionary force battered away at the defences of Sevastopol, eight miles away from Balaklava, the port through which all besiegers’ supplies arrived. As autumn turned to winter, rain and frost turned the track from Balaklava into a muddy quagmire and soon it became virtually impassable.Horses were dying daily in their endeavours to pull carts up the hills to the siege lines, and with few supplies reaching the front, the troops suffered t...

Implant dentistry is now an integral part of everyday dental practice; however, most dentists receive their education in implant dentistry after graduation, with little emphasis on the identification of the complexity and risks of treatment. Since 2003 the International Team for Implantology (ITI) has recommended the SAC Classification to categorize implant treatment procedures into three levels of difficulty-straightforward, advanced, and complex. In 2007 the ITI organized a conference to...

Rocket is perhaps one of the best-known railway locomotives in history. Entered by George and Robert Stephenson and Henry Booth for the Rainhill Trials of October 1829, Rocket was the outright victor and paved the way for the dominance of the steam railway as the major means of communication for the next hundred years or more.But Rocket was not ‘the first’ locomotive – that honor goes to the work of Cornishman Richard Trevithick, while the Middleton Railway saw the first commercial...

"Dozens of graphic first-hand accounts of the Charge of the Light Brigade emerge to shed new light on the military blunder immortalised by Tennyson's poem" (The Telegraph (UK)).The Charge of the Light Brigade is one of the most famous, controversial and emotive small-scale actions in military history. Over 160 years since the event, and since it was immortalized in Tennyson's poem, it has generated a stream of writing and debate. Yet, as this new book by Anthony Da...

A history of the grueling Crimean War battle as told through personal accounts of those who fought there.The Crimean War, the most destructive and deadly war of the nineteenth century, has been the subject of countless books, yet historian Anthony Dawson has amassed an astonishing collection of previously unknown and unpublished material, including numerous letters and private journals. Many untapped French sources reveal aspects of the fighting in the Crimea that h...

Many histories have been written about the conflicts the British army was involved in between the Battle of Waterloo and the First World War. There are detailed studies of campaigns and battles and general accounts of the experiences of the soldiers. But this book by Anthony Dawson is the first to concentrate in depth, in graphic detail, on the experiences of the British cavalry during a century of warfare. That is why it is of such value. It is also compelling reading because it describes...

Scottish railway history began in 1722 when William Dickson commenced work on the Tranent–Cockenzie Waggonway. Built entirely in wood and designed to carry coal from pits at Tranent to salt pans at Cockenzie, it was the first railway to be built in Scotland. Developing first in the most industrialised parts of the country, in the Lothians and later around Glasgow, wooden and iron railways flourished in no small part thanks to the work of Robert Stevenson. Ed Bethune and Anthony Dawson of t...

The precise relation between the spectator and the work of art was a matter of great interest to late Renaissance and baroque artists, playwrights as well as painters. In Shakespeare's plays the relation between audience and stage life is crucial. The plays constantly remind the audience of the complex fictiveness of their experience yet they also project a reality specifically through illusion. Indirections is a study of twelve plays in which Shakespeare sets up situations and re...

Week after week, the guns of the British expeditionary force battered away at the defences of Sevastopol, eight miles away from Balaklava, the port through which all besiegers' supplies arrived. As autumn turned to winter, rain and frost turned the track from Balaklava into a muddy quagmire and soon it became virtually impassable. Horses were dying daily in their endeavours to pull carts up the hills to the siege lines, and with few supplies reaching the front, the troops suffered terribly...