Biomass resources and their refining are key research topics internationally as alternatives to fossil fuel resources and oil refining. This book explores the heterogeneous nature of lignocellulosic biomass, which restricts its use as a raw material, and describes the theoretical basis of the lignocellulose refinery. It puts forward the theory of the integrated biomass refinery system, which produces multiple products, including biofuels, biomaterials, biochemicals, food and feed based on ...

Technologies for Biochemical Conversion of Biomass introduces biomass biochemical conversion technology, including the pretreatment platform, enzyme platform, cell refining platform, sugar platform, fermentation platform, and post-treatment platform. Readers will find a systematic treatment, not only of the basics of biomass biochemical conversion and the introduction of each strategy, but also of the current advances of research in this area. Researchers will find the key problems in each...

Designing Inclusive ClassroomsRecently, both the education and technology fields have acknowledged a rising awareness that traditional teaching practices, curricula, and institutional policies can frequently uphold inequalities. These disparities have a greater impact on students belonging to marginalized communities, such as low-income backgrounds, students with disabilities, and racial and ethnic minorities. The global transition to digital and online le...

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising new solar cells, with strong commercial potential. Several challenges remain before PSCs can be released in wide-scale commercial application. This book highlights the opportunities, advancements, and critical challenges involved in the commercial application of PSCs. It discusses large area fabrication, long-term stability, lead management, encapsulation techniques, as well as a commercial roadmap and current and futu...

Urban Observation and Social Sensing helps readers see cities in a way they have seldom imagined before. Advanced technologies such as satellites in space, near surface drones, or even smartphones, can be used to explain how a city functions, or why certain areas are more populated than others. It examines the science of capturing city images and information gathered from above the ground combined with the information from social media and mobile data on the ground, and how to mak...

Most of the existing monographs on generalized inverses are based on linear algebra tools and geometric methods of Banach (Hilbert) spaces to introduce generalized inverses of complex matrices and operators and their related applications, or focus on generalized inverses of matrices over special rings like division rings and integral domains, and does not include the results in general algebraic structures such as arbitrary rings, semigroups and categories, which are precisely the most gen...

The primary aim of this volume is to provide researchers and engineers from both academia and industry with up-to-date coverage of recent advances in the fields of robotic welding, intelligent systems and automation. It gathers selected papers from the 2018 International Conference on Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation (RWIA 2018), held Oct 20-22, 2018 in Guangzhou, China. The contributions reveal how intelligentized welding manufacturing (IWM) is becoming an inescapable trend, j...

Focusing on “human-in-the-loop” and “human-on-the-loop” mechanisms, cognitive intelligent interaction, and the practical modeling, implementation, and application of limited human intervention in modern aerial systems, this book explores cooperative decision-making technologies between manned and unmanned aerial vehicles.It systematically discusses two primary approaches to cooperative decision-making mechanisms: limited human intervention and cognitive intelligent interaction. The...

The primary aim of this volume is to provide researchers and engineers from both academic and industry with up-to-date coverage of new results in the field of robotic welding, intelligent systems and automation. The book is mainly based on papers selected from the 2019 International Workshop on Intelligentized Welding Manufacturing (IWIWM’2019) in USA. The articles show that the intelligentized welding manufacturing (IWM) is becoming an inevitable trend with the intelligentized robotic wel...

The primary aim of this volume is to provide researchers and engineers from both academic and industry with up-to-date coverage of new results in the field of robotic welding, intelligent systems and automation. The book is mainly based on papers selected from the 2020 International Conference on Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation (RWIA’2020) in Shanghai and Lanzhou, China. The articles show that the intelligentized welding manufacturing (IWM) is becoming an inevitable trend with...

The IoT topology defines the way various components communicate with each other within a network. Topologies can vary greatly in terms of security, power consumption, cost, and complexity. Optimizing the IoT topology for different applications and requirements can help to boost the network’s performance and save costs. More importantly, optimizing the topology robustness can ensure security and prevent network failure at the foundation level. In this context, this book examines the optimiz...

Emotionally Intelligent Digital Learning explores how AI can transform digital education by supporting both academic success and student well-being. Instead of focusing solely on cognitive performance, this book introduces emotionally aware technologies that recognize student emotions in real time, offer personalized emotional support, and build mental resilience.Through real-world case studies, ranging from virtual empathy training in nursing to tools that reveal emotiona...